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Introduction to Psychology.
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Year: 1st Year Category:
Introduction to Psychology
Course:             Bachelor of Education (BED)
Institution/Board: Kenyatta University
Exam Year:          2009

 

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2009/2010
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION
EPS 103 / APS 101: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

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DATE: THURSDAY 24TH DECEMBER 2009
TIME: 11.00 A.M. – 1.00 P.M.

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of FOUR Questions,

Answer Questions ONE and any other TWO Questions.

1.
a)
Explain two goals of psychology. (4 marks)
b)
Explain two branches of psychology, clearly showing the area of specialization for each. (4 marks)
c)
With examples, differentiate between independent variable and dependent variable in psychological research. (2 marks)
d)
How does the psychological controversy between Freedom of choice and determinism explain human behaviour. (4 marks)
e)
Explain four principle of perceptual grouping as found in Gestalt psychology. (4 marks)
f)
Define the concept absolute threshold . (2 marks)
g)
State two types of Extra-sensory perception as proposed by parapsychologist. (2 marks)
e)
Discuss two features, for each of the following
i)
Classical
conditioning
ii)
Operant
conditioning
(4 marks)
i)
Distinguish between primary and secondary motives. (2 marks)
j)
Discuss the following types of conflicts giving one example for each.
i)
Approach – Approach conflict
ii)
Approach–Avoidance conflict (2 marks)

2.
a)
Explain the fact that human behaviour is the product of hereditary and environment. (4 marks)
b)
Briefly explain how the following inherited conditions develop and state any two characteristics for each
i)
Phenylketonuria
ii)
Turner’s syndrome
iii)
Down syndrome
iv)
Klinefeter’s syndrome
(8 marks)

3.
a)
Explain the following defense mechanisms, giving an example for each
i)
Rationalization
ii)
Reaction
formation
iii)
Compensation
iv)
Projection
b)
With an example for each, discuss four categories of Neurosis as a form of mental disorder. (12 marks)

4.
a)
Define the term Learning. (2 marks)
b)
With an example of each, discuss any four reinforcement schedules in operant conditioning. (8 marks)
c)
Define punishment and explain four ways it can be effective in changing behaviour. (10 marks)
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